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The purpose of this site is to try and get the world to start dealing with the interaction between culture and success in a mature and intelligent manner. Poll: Do you believe culture influences success? Yes 67.03% No 17.5% Uncertain 15.3% - Newest Articles - Per capita income figures for the countries and regions of the world. While rarely read this is Gandhi's most important written work. The traditional explanation for the noticeable differences in income across cultures was to say that they differed in their level of civilization. - Categories - - All Articles - Per capita income figures for the countries and regions of the world. While rarely read this is Gandhi's most important written work. The traditional explanation for the noticeable differences in income across cultures was to say that they differed in their level of civilization. This 1920 work by Roger Babson is a classic with in its genre. It promotes the traditional, pre-1960s explanation for the connection between success and culture. Current events in Zimbabwe are giving us an unprecedented opportunity to measure and judge the effect of white settlement and colonization in Africa. Average US Incomes by Race, Ethnicity and Religion. Max Weber's claim that Protestantism is more conducive to success than Catholicism and that Calvinism is in particular more successful is widely repeated and rarely examined. We need to recognize that culture is the personality of a group or race and we must see culture and having seen it, make it a work of art. The moral justification for welfare is supposed to be that we are temporarily helping out our fellow man through a rough stretch of road or helping the disabled permanently. If it is to become a system for continually transferring wealth from one group to another the people behind this change owe us an explanation. The great taboo of our age is not speaking about race, but speaking about culture. Bourgeoisie is more than just a term of abuse used by the Left, it refers to a real people who led real lives. Selections from the Federal Outlook Selections from a 1960's Rhodesian newspaper. How Africa Underdeveloped Africa Africa is the poorest place in the world. Why? Will Famine Come to Zimbabwe? The end of commercial farming in Zimbabwe could plunge the country into famine. The Tragedy of the Zimbabwe Commons Communally owned property always has and always will suffer from the 'tragedy of the commons' problem. Band Aid Africa recieves $15 billion a year in aid. Is it helping? Culture is to the group what personality is to the individual. Civilization is to the group what enlightenment is to the individual. All groups have cultures, but not all cultures are civilized. If all cultures were civilized than the term would have no descriptive quality. Civilization does have a descriptive quality and it is something worth achieving and defending. Per capita income figures for the countries and regions of the world. While rarely read this is Gandhi's most important written work. The traditional explanation for the noticeable differences in income across cultures was to say that they differed in their level of civilization. This 1920 work by Roger Babson is a classic with in its genre. It promotes the traditional, pre-1960s explanation for the connection between success and culture. Average US Incomes by Race, Ethnicity and Religion. We need to recognize that culture is the personality of a group or race and we must see culture and having seen it, make it a work of art. The moral justification for welfare is supposed to be that we are temporarily helping out our fellow man through a rough stretch of road or helping the disabled permanently. If it is to become a system for continually transferring wealth from one group to another the people behind this change owe us an explanation. The great taboo of our age is not speaking about race, but speaking about culture. |
It is relatively simple to find statistics documenting the incomes of Blacks and whites in America. It is more difficult to find information on Hispanics and Asians. It is even more difficult to find data on the incomes earned by the ethnic groups within each race and by religious denominations. This lack of data concerning ethnic and denominational incomes makes researching the influence of culture and voluntarily chosen beliefs on economic success more difficult.
One of the few data sources for ethnic and denominational incomes is the General Social Survey conducted by the National Opinion Research Center. The NORC is run by the University of Chicago and the GSS is funded by the National Science Foundation. The GSS is reputed to be the second most commonly cited database in social research behind only the Census. In the early years the GSS was run annually, but it is now a biannual survey. The GSS consists of asking 1,500-3,000 people several dozen questions. The answers are then entered into the database. This data is then made available to the public and several universities have made the GSS available online. The least confusing and difficult of these implementations appears to be the one offered by UC Berkeley.
Results are extracted from the GSS database by referring to survey respondent responses according to their "code" as found within the codebook. For example, rincom98 is the code for the question asking what a person's income is in the form that this question was asked from 1998 to 2002. The code for the form in which this question was asked from 1977 to 1980 is rincome77. The code for the white race is race(1) and the code for respondents who say their ancestors are from Ireland is ethnic(14). This is what a results page looks like. You can download all the results pages used to make the tables on this page.
I took the time to sort the average income survey respondents reported by race, ethnicity and denomination because this information seems to be otherwise unavailable. When looking at these results one should understand that the income data derived from the GSS may be the best available, but it is far from the best possible. The US Census Bureau usually lists Black median income as being around 28% less than average, but the GSS states that it is 20% less. I would assume that the Census figures are more correct, but I certainly don't know this for certain. I don't think we will have reliable numbers on these issues until there is a public demand for them, and that demand is currently lacking.
The difference between mean and median needs to be emphasized. Mean is short for arithmetic mean and this is synonymous with average. Median is the data point which has an equal number of data points above and below it. For example, for the numbers 1,2, and 10 the average is 4.3. The median is 2, because this data point has an equal number of data points below and above it.
Most social researchers believe that median income is a better measure because it reduces the influence of incomes of extremely wealthy people such as Bill Gates who are not representative of society as a whole. I have no objection to the use of median income other than the fact that most people do not understand that it is different from average and this could lead to misunderstandings. The median income for most groups in the US is several thousand dollars lower than the average income. A person who did not know the difference could find this confusing.
Standard deviation is the measure of how widely dispersed the data points are. If all Greeks made the exact same income they would have a standard deviation of zero. If half of the Greeks were millionaires and the other half beggars they would have the highest standard deviation in the world. Standard deviation numbers are not relevant across different years because of changes in how the questions were asked.
The number of respondents is the number of people who answered the question regarding income and stated that their ancestors came from the country listed or that they belong to that denomination. Most GSS respondents state that their ancestors came from more than one country. I don't know exactly how to list these people, but I will try to work something out in the future. For any ethnicity with fewer than 50 respondents the results are scientifically worthless and I only included them for the curious.
The ethnic and denominational data is for 1998-2002, but I also included the 1977-1980 data for race and for white Southerners and the Scotch-Irish. The racial data show Black average income improving, but Black median income worsening. This would indicate that since 1977-80 some Blacks have gotten richer, some have gotten poorer and relatively few have stayed the same. Most other data on the subject supports this. Most white Southerners are descended from Scottish Protestants who briefly settled in northern Ireland and then moved on to the US and these people are usually called the Scotch-Irish. Both the Scotch-Irish and white Southerners of any ethnicity have seen a slight improvement. The other groups I looked at did not seem to have made any changes since 1978-80.
The average income and median income figures are as compared to the US average. The plus or minus sign indicates whether the figure is above or below the US average. An equal sign indicates that the figure is equal to the US average to the second decimal place.
| Race | Average Income | Median | Standard Deviation | Number of Respondents |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White 1998-2002 | +2% | = | 5.28 | 2912 |
| Black 1998-2002 | -13% | -20% | 5.35 | 510 |
| Other 1998-2002 | -5% | -13% | 5.15 | 245 |
| White 1978-1980 | +2% | +12% | 4.19 | 2477 |
| Black 1978-1980 | -20% | -12% | 3.62 | 268 |
| Other 1978-1980 | -5% | -13% | 5.15 | 245 |
| Ethnicity | Average Income | Median Income | Standard Deviation | Number of Respondents |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Africa | -11% | -20% | 5.37 | 441 |
| Am.Indian | -11% | -13% | 5.16 | 229 |
| Austria | +6% | = | 5.84 | 17 |
| China | +11% | +13% | 5.22 | 33 |
| Czechoslovakia | +10% | +7% | 6.05 | 43 |
| Denmark | +4% | +3% | 5.51 | 32 |
| England & Wales | +7% | +7% | 5.30 | 470 |
| Finland | +27% | +7% | 3.53 | 11 |
| Fr. Cananda | +10% | = | 4.30 | 77 |
| France | -6% | -7% | 5.56 | 106 |
| Germany | +2% | = | 5.17 | 725 |
| Greece | +3% | = | 5.61 | 21 |
| Holland | -8% | -17% | 5.77 | 62 |
| Hungary | +14% | +13% | 6.08 | 18 |
| India | +3% | = | 5.10 | 23 |
| Ireland | +4% | = | 5.44 | 538 |
| Italy | +8% | +7% | 5.57 | 238 |
| Japan | +23% | +13% | 4.05 | 12 |
| Jewish | +29% | +20% | 5.17 | 98 |
| Lithuania | +4% | = | 5.88 | 8 |
| Mexico | -10% | -13% | 4.95 | 194 |
| Norway | +5% | +7% | 5.29 | 87 |
| Other Canada | -5% | -7% | 5.52 | 19 |
| Philippines | +2% | -10% | 4.45 | 50 |
| Poland | +4% | +7% | 5.90 | 130 |
| Portugal | +11% | +13% | 5.78 | 18 |
| Puerto Rico | -2% | -7% | 4.76 | 69 |
| Russia | +9% | +7% | 5.53 | 67 |
| Scotland | +6% | +7% | 5.29 | 146 |
| Spain | -2% | -3% | 6.17 | 40 |
| Sweden | +8% | +7% | 5.13 | 63 |
| Switzerland | -15% | = | 7.70 | 7 |
| W. Indies | -5% | -13% | 4.97 | 8 |
| Yugoslavia | +2% | +7% | 6.23 | 17 |
| Religion | Average Income | Median Income | Standard Deviation | Number of Respondents |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| African Methodist Episcopal | -11% | -13% | 4.78 | 27 |
| African Methodist Episcopal Zion | -12% | -7% | 5.59 | 8 |
| Am. Baptist Church in USA | -8% | -20% | 5.66 | 40 |
| Am. Baptist Asso. | -3% | -7% | 5.05 | 75 |
| Am. Lutheran | +3% | -7% | 4.34 | 58 |
| Baptist don't know which | -10% | -13% | 5.46 | 302 |
| Buddhist | +7% | +7% | 5.20 | 33 |
| Catholic | +2% | = | 5.44 | 1344 |
| Episcopal | +12% | +7% | 5.45 | 105 |
| Evangelical Lutheran | +5% | +3% | 4.72 | 34 |
| Hindu | +5% | = | 4.94 | 11 |
| Inter Denominational | -10% | -13% | 5.63 | 51 |
| Islam | -10% | -13% | 5.25 | 18 |
| Jewish | +29% | +20% | 5.17 | 98 |
| Lutheran Church in Am. | +16% | +20% | 5.61 | 24 |
| Lutheran MO Synod | -2% | -7% | 5.61 | 71 |
| Lutheran don't know which | +5% | = | 4.44 | 59 |
| Methodist don't know which | -1% | -7% | 4.75 | 56 |
| Nat. Baptist Conv. of Am. | +16% | +7% | 5.08 | 19 |
| Nat. Baptist Conv. USA | -16% | -27% | 6.21 | 19 |
| Orthodox Christian | +15% | +7% | 4.15 | 23 |
| Other Baptist | -9% | -20% | 5.07 | 113 |
| Other Lutheran | -2% | -7% | 4.97 | 23 |
| Other Methodist | -8% | -13% | 5.12 | 11 |
| Other Presbyterian | -13% | -13% | 7.42 | 15 |
| Presbyterian Church in USA | -14% | -7% | 5.82 | 42 |
| Presbyterian don't know which | +9% | +7% | 5.57 | 36 |
| Presbyterian Merged | = | = | 5.51 | 19 |
| Protestant | -2% | -7% | 5.40 | 2799 |
| Southern Baptist | = | -7% | 5.03 | 446 |
| United Methodist | +5% | +7% | 5.31 | 319 |
| United Presbyterian Church in USA | +12% | +7% | 5.95 | 40 |
| WI Evangelical Lutheran Synod | -7% | -13% | 5.05 | 20 |
| Group | Average Income | Median Income | Standard Deviation | Number of Respondents |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scotch-Irish 1977-1980 | -3% | = | 4.21 | 145 |
| Scotch-Irish 1998-2002 | +1% | = | 5.03 | 245 |
| White Southerner 1977-1980 | -4% | = | 4.00 | 768 |
| White Southerner 1998-2002 | +1% | = | 5.12 | 983 |
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